Introduction to OOP

Why OOP?

Problems with Functional/Procedural Programming:

• Does not model real-world problems well
• If new data is added, all functions need modification
• Global data is accessible to all functions
• No clear boundaries and well-defined code
• No Modularity: programs become monolithic and difficult to maintain

What is OOP?

• Programming style that divides a program into pieces of objects that can communicate with each other
• Objects-based coding style where each object (real-world entity) has its own attributes and behavior
• Fundamental idea: combine data and behavior into single unit → promotes Modularity
• OOP promotes modularity by encapsulating data and behavior within objects

Real-World Analogy

Student Rahul (Object)
├── Attributes: name, age, id, roll_no
└── Behaviors: study(), sleep(), bunk()

Classes and Objects

Basic Concepts

• Class: Blueprint that defines how an object looks
• Object: Instance of a class