1. Basic Concepts

What are Char Arrays?

• Definition: A sequence of characters terminated by null character ('\\0')
• Lower-level representation: Inherited from C language
• Memory: Fixed size, contiguous memory allocation

char str[] = "hello";  // Automatically adds '\\0' at end
char arr[100];         // Declares array of 100 characters

Key Characteristics

• Null Termination: Every char array ends with '\\0'
• Fixed Size: Fixed size (cannot grow or shrink after declaration)
• Manual Management: No automatic memory handling

2. Input Issues & Solutions

Problem with cin

// ❌ PROBLEM: cin stops at space, tab, or newline
char name[100];
cin >> name;  // Input: "Vishal Rajput" → Only stores "Vishal"

Why? The cin object has delimiters for:

• \\n (Enter)
• \\t (Tab)
• (Space)

It stops inserting data after encountering these delimiters.

Solutions